IN VITRO INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY IN OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Elizabeth P. Parac, Fabio C. Ruaza, Jr.

Abstract


The effect of the three anti-mitotic agents: colchicine, oryzalin and amiprophos-methyl on the induction of polyploidization in oil palm were studied in vitro. Each anti-mitotic chemical was evaluated on 4 and 7-day old oil palm zygotic embryos and exposed for 7 and 10 days. Ploidy estimation was determined using the measurement of stomata size of guard cells in leaves and chromosome counting in root tips of the treated in vitro oil palm. Results revealed that percentage germination rate based on the LC50 estimation of oil palm zygotic embryo treated with colchicine and amiprophos-methyl was higher (53-80%) at 5-10 and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. Stomatal measurement of guard cells and chromosome counting in root tips were found to be a promising index in determining the ploidy level in oil palm. In terms of chromosome number, the three chemicals increased the chromosome number of the treated in vitro oil palm from 32 to 48 which also supports the results on stomata measurement of guard cells that ploidization in treated oil palm has occurred.

Keywords


polyploidy, guard cells, stomata, oil palm, colchicine, oryzalin and amiprophos-methyl

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, R., Zainal, A., Heng, W. Y., Li, L. C., Beng, Y. C., Phing, L. M., … Huey, Y. L. (2005). Immature embryo: A useful tool for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genetic transformation studies. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 8(1), 24–34. doi:10.2225/vol8-issue1-fulltext-1.

Aya, M., Takase, I., Kishino, S. and Kurihana, K. (1975). Amiprophos-methyl, a new herbicide in upland crops. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Pacific Weed Science Conference,138–41.

Blakeslee AF. (1937). De´doublement du nombre de chromosomes chez les plantes par traitement chimique. CR Acad Sci, 205:476–9.

Bueno, M.A., Gomez, A., Vicente, O., Manzanera, J. (1996). Stability in ploidy level during somatic embryogenesis in Quercus canariensis. In: Ahuja MR, Boerjan W, Neale DB, editors. Somatic cell genetics and molecular genetics of trees. Forestry science, 49, 23-28 Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Chalak, L. and Legave, L. (1996). Oryzalin combined with adventitious regeneration for an efficient chromosome doubling of tri-haploid kiwifruit. Plant Cell Rep., 16:97–100.

Chen, L.L. and Gao, S.L. (2007). In vitro tetraploid induction and generation of tetraploids from mixoploids in Astragalus membranaceus. Sci. Hort., 112, 339-344.

Dolezel, J. (1991). Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in higher plants. Phytochem Anal., 2, 143–54.

Dolezel, J. (1997). Applications of flow cytometry for the study of plant genomes. J. Appl. Genetics, 38, 285–302.

Falconer M.M., and Seagull R.W. (1997). Amiprophos-methyl (APM): a rapid, reversible, anti-microtubule agent for plant cell cultures. Protoplasma, 136, 118–24.

Galbraith, C.W. (1990). Flow cytometric analysis of plant genomes. In: Darzynkiewicz Z,

Crissman HA, editors. Methods in cell biology, vol 33. Flow cytometry. San Diego: Academic Press Inc; p. 549–62.

Gorret N., S. K. bin Rosli, SF. Oppenheim, LB Willis, PA. Lessard, C. Rha, AJ. Sinskey. (2004). Bioreactor culture of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and effects of nitrogen source, inoculum size, and conditioned medium on biomass production. Journal of Biotechnology, 108 253–263.

Hadlaczky, G., Bistrary, G., Parznovszky, T., Dudits, D. (1983). Mass isolation of plant chromosomes and nuclei. Planta, 157, 278–85.

Hague, L.M. and Jones, R.N. (1987) Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne. Colchicine-induced variation in diploids. Theor. Appl. Genet., 74, 233–241.

Loureiro J., Pinto, G., Lopes, T., Dolezel., J., and Santos C. (2005). Assessment of ploidy stability of the somatic embryogenesis process in Quercus suber L. using flow cytometry. Planta, 221, 815–822.

Morejohn, L.C. and Fosket, D.E. (1994). Inhibition of plant microtubule polymerization in vitro by the phosphoric amide herbicide amiprophos-methyl. Science, 224, 74–6.

Morejohn L.C., Bureau, T.E., Mole-Bajer, J., Bajer, A.J. and Fosket, D.E.(1987). Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, binds to plant tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization in vitro. Planta, 172, 252-264.

Nigel A., Urwin, R., Horsnell, J., and Moon, T. (2007). Generation and characterization of colchicine-induced autotetraploid Lavandula angustifolia. Euphytica 156, 257-266. doi: 10.1007/s10681-007-9373-y.

Sree, R. K., Verhoeven, H.A. and Dijkhuis, P. (1988). Mitotic dynamics of micronuclei by induced amiprophosmethyl and prospects for chromosome-mediated gene transfer in plants. Theor. Appl. Genet,75, 575–584.

Sree, R. K., Verhoeven, H.A. and Dijkhuis, P. (1991). Mitotic blocking, micronucleation and chromosome doubling by oryzalin, amiprophos-methyl and colchicine in potato. Protoplasma, 160, 65–71.

Wan, Y., Petolino, J.F., and Widholm, J.M.(1989). Efficient production of doubled-haploid plants through colchicine treatment of anther-derived maize callus. Theor. Appl. Genet, 77, 889–892.

Wan, Y., Duncan, D.R., Rayburn, A.L. Petolino, J.F., and Widholm, J.M. (1991). The use of antimicrotubule herbicides for the production of doubled haploid plants from anther derived maize callus. Theor. Appl. Genet., 81, 205–211.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


SDSSU Multidisciplinary Research Journal (SMRJ)

North Eastern Mindanao State University (NEMSU)
Research Journal Publication Office
Rosario, Tandag City Surigao del Sur 8300, Philippines

p-ISSN: 2244-6990
e-ISSN: 2408-3577